Killing Mr. Lincoln – A Look at the Men & Women Who Conspired to Kill The President

President: #16 Abraham Lincoln
Killed: April 14th, 1865 at Ford’s Theater, Washington D.C. while attending a play.
Assassin: Actor, John Wilkes Booth.
Motivation: To revive the Confederacy’s cause after General Robert E. Lee’s surrender to General U.S. Grant five days earlier.
Key Players:

Notables:

• Lincoln was the first US President to be assassinated; although there was an attempt on Andrew Jackson’s life 30 years earlier.
• It is believed Lincoln escaped an earlier plot to kill him while he was President-Elect traveling through Baltimore, in slave state Maryland.
• Booth and his co-conspirators Lewis Powell, George Atzerodt, and David Herold hoped to sever the continuity of the United States government by killing Lincoln, Secretary of State William Seward, and Vice President Andrew Johnson. The plan failed as two men got cold feet, and Seward was only wounded.
• Scholars believe the original plan was to kidnap Lincoln, but on April 11, 1865, Booth attended a speech at the White House in which Lincoln supported the idea of allowing slaves to vote. Furious, Booth decided on assassination, and is quoted as saying,

“That means [N-word] citizenship! Now, by God, I’ll put him through. That is the last speech he will ever give.” – JW Booth

• Booth shot Lincoln at point blank range in the head, and then leaped from the second story balcony screaming “Sic Semper Tyrannis,” Latin for “Thus always to Tyrants” before exclaiming “The South is avenged!”
• On April 26, Herold and Booth were found hiding in a barn near Port Royal, Virginia. Herold surrendered, but Booth refused to come out of the barn, so it was set on fire. In the ensuing chaos, a soldier shot and killed Booth. His last words upon looking at his hands were “Useless, useless!”

Consequences:

• Andrew Johnson became President upon Lincoln’s death. A Southerner! Johnson was to become one of the least popular presidents in American history. He was impeached by the House of Representatives in 1868, but the Senate failed to convict him by one vote.
• The assassination galvanized the North’s hatred for the South.  The South lost their most powerful  advocate for peaceful reintroduction to the Union. Lincoln’s benevolent Reconstruction terms were replaced by the hard handed policies of future Congresses, and the South’s reintroduction back into the Union was lengthy, bitter, and laborious.
• Lincoln was honored on the centennial of his birth when his portrait was placed on the U.S. one-cent coin in 1909. The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., was opened in 1922.

Conspiracy Theories

• Future President Ulysses S. Grant changed his plans at the last minute, and was supposed to be at the play with Lincoln. Some say, besides Lincoln, only Secretary of War Edwin Stanton could’ve given that order.
• Lincoln’s bodyguard was not at his post.  He was at a tavern, and was never punished.  It’s most likely Booth would’ve gotten in anyway, because he was a major celebrity at the time.
• President Johnson issued an arrest warrant for President of the Confederacy Jefferson Davis in connection with Lincoln’s murder, although the main witness against him provided false testimony, and Davis was never further investigated.
• Did Vice President Johnson have something to do with it? Mary Todd Lincoln, the President’s wife, sure thinks so…

“…that, that miserable inebriate Johnson, had cognizance of my husband’s death… some acquaintance certainly existed [with Booth] – I have been deeply impressed, with the harrowing thought, that he, had an understanding with the conspirators & they knew their man… As sure, as you & I live, Johnson, had some hand, in all this…” – Mary Todd Lincoln

• Did the Pope kill the President?  The theory  proposed by Emmett McLoughlin and others is that the Roman Catholic Church had reason to hate Abraham Lincoln. This is based on Lincoln’s legal defense of a former Priest against the Bishop of Chicago. This theory is further enhanced by the fact that the Catholic John H. Surratt, the son of Mary Surratt, fled America and ended up in safe keeping at the Vatican.

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